Stomach (abdominal) pain during periods is **very common** and is mainly caused by **uterine contractions**. Here's why it happens:
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### 🌸 **Why Stomach Hurts During Periods**
#### 1. **Uterine Contractions**
* During menstruation, the **uterus contracts** to shed its inner lining (endometrium).
* These contractions are triggered by **prostaglandins**, hormone-like substances.
* Higher prostaglandin levels = **stronger cramps** and more pain.
#### 2. **Reduced Blood Flow**
* Strong uterine contractions can temporarily **cut off oxygen supply** to muscles, causing **pain or cramps**.
#### 3. **Referred Pain**
* Cramping in the lower abdomen can **radiate** to:
* Lower back
* Hips
* Inner thighs
* Sometimes upper stomach or digestive system
#### 4. **Digestive Issues**
* Hormones like **estrogen and progesterone** affect the digestive tract.
* Can lead to:
* **Bloating**
* **Gas**
* **Constipation** or **diarrhea**
* Upper stomach discomfort
#### 5. **Underlying Conditions** (if pain is severe)
* **PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)**
* **Endometriosis**
* **Fibroids**
* **Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)**
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### 🩺 When to See a Doctor
* Pain so bad it interrupts daily life
* Pain not relieved by regular painkillers
* Heavy bleeding or clots
* Pain lasting longer than your period
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### ✅ Tips for Relief
* Use a **heating pad** on your stomach
* Take **pain relief** (like ibuprofen or mefenamic acid)
* Try **light exercise** or stretching
* Drink **warm fluids**
* Avoid too much caffeine or salty foods
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